U- Substitution is an integration technique.
I'll begin with an easy example and move on to a harder one.
Because the forum doesn't support the integral symbol, I will use int(
int(e^x dx)
we will substitute our x with u.(hue hue) u=x
we can then get dx for du. d/dx u= du=1dx
int( e^u du)
d/dx e^u = e^u du
so we can just do it. ( JUST DO IT)
int(e^u du) = e^u +C
we have that plus C for anything that may have resulted in a zero when we derived. Hue Hue.
Now let's get a little harder.
No sexual innuendos plsint( (x^2+4)/(x+2) dx)
We can substitute x+2 for u, and derive our other equations from this.
u=x+2
x=u-2
du=1dx
NOW SUBSTITUTE
int(((u-2)^2 +4)/(u))
now we have to foil out

int( (u^2 + (-4u) +4) +4)/(u))
then we can split it and pull out coefficients
THE INNUENDOS ARE STRONGint(((u^2)/u)du) + (-4int((u/u) du)) + 8int(du/u)
We can then simplify and integrate
int(udu) -4int(du) +8int(du/u)
(u^2)/2 +(-4u)+8ln|u|+C
Then we just substitute x+2 back in for u.
((x+2)^2)/2 -4(x+2) + 8ln|x+2| + C
Did you C your mistake? (a good way to remember that plus C.)
We could simplify our answer and pull out all the integers and eliminate them with the plus C, but personally I would stop here.
This stuff is purely practice q-q... Even now I'm still grinding through this.